geography – obj

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Geography

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2 a)

Line of latitude a notional circle of constant latitude on the earth’ s surface parallel to the equator .

2 b )

degrees of latitude into minutes and seconds . Each degree contains 60 minutes, while each minute contains 60 seconds . Simply divide by 60 the distance a degree covers to find the distance a minute covers , and divide by 60 again to find the distance a second covers.

2 c)

tabulate

i )

– Parallels are also known as latitudes

– Meridians are also known as longitudes

ii )

– The first parallel is the equator . It is latitude 0 .

– Greenwich is the prime meridian ( 0 ° )

iii )

– Parallels don ’ t intersect.

– All meridians intersect at two places ; the North Pole and the South Pole.

iv )

– Values range from 0 ( the Equator ) to 90 ( the north and south poles )

– Values for longitude range from 0 ( the Prime Meridian ) to 180 degrees

v )

– Letters N and S are used to denote the location

– Letters E or W are used to represent direction

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7 a)

i ) river overflow

ii ) ice and snow melts

iii ) strong winds in coastal lands

iv ) dam breaking

7 b )

i ) loss of human life

ii ) destruction of crops

iii ) loss of livestock

iv ) deterioration of health conditions

7 c)

i ) planting vegetation to retain extra water

ii ) construction of floodways

iii ) terracing hillsides to slow flow downhole

5 a)

A landslide is the movement of rock , earth, or debris down a sloped section of land .

5 b )

i ) Abrasion or corrasion – This is when large pieces of bedload material wear away the river banks and bed.

ii ) Attrition – This is when the bed load itself is eroded when sediment particles knock against the bed or each other and break , becoming more rounded and smaller .

iii ) Hydraulic Action – This is when the force of water erodes softer rock .

iv ) Solution or corrosion – This is when acidic water erodes rock .

5 c)

i ) Slope

– gravity provides the energy to move the materials .

– rapid movements ( e. g . landslide , slumping ) are commonly found on steep slopes while slow movements ( e. g . soil creep ) are found on gentle slopes .

ii ) Water

– rainwater acts as a lubricant to weathered materials .

– rainwater adds weight to weathered materials .

iii ) Rock structure

– joints dipping downslope usually assists landslides , rockfalls , rockslide , rock creep . . . . . etc

iv ) Vegetation

– lack of vegetation cover to hold the loose particles .

3a)

​DEPOSITIONAL PLAIN​:

it is formed by the deposition of materials brought by various agents of transportation such as rivers, wind, waves, and glaciers.

​EROSIONAL PLAIN​:

Erosional plains that have been leveled by various agents of denudation such as running water, rivers, wind and glacier which wear out the rugged surface and smoothens them.

3b)

i)Plains facilitate humans to fulfil their needs of food and shelter.

ii)The smooth surface of plains makes transportation of goods easy for humans.

iii)Most of the plains in world have been changed to biggest trade centers of world due to their richness of minerals and raw agricultural materials.

iv)plains are called the source of human’s needs, civilization and culture. And world’s 80% population live on plains.

3c)

i)It is easily exposed to disasters

ii)The chances of flood are higher in plains than on mountains

iii)More diseases are found a plain areas than other areas

iv)Plains are a disadvantage as Plants like coffee can’t grow They have only one kind of soil They are prone to natural disasters

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