NABTEB-ICT-ANSWERS
ICT+Obj
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(1ai)
1st Generation; Technology is used as vacuum tube. In other words Machines languages were used to instruct the computer.

(1aii)
2nd Generation; transistors is used as reliable in comparison to first generation computers, smaller size as compared to first generation computers, generated less heat as compared to first generation computers.

(1aiii)
3rd Generation; Integrated circuits instead of individual transistors it is Smaller, cheaper, more efficient and faster than second generation computers. High-level programming languages and Magnetic storage.

(aiv)
4th Generation; VLSI technology is used. And it is Very cheap, Portable and reliable. In other words it is Use of PCs and Very small size, Pipeline processing and No AC required. Concept of internet was introduced.

(1av)
5th Generation; ULSI technology.
Development of true artificial intelligence. Development of Natural language processing. Advancement in Parallel Processing. In other words Advancement in Superconductor technology.
More user-friendly interfaces with multimedia features. Availability of very powerful and compact computers at cheaper rates

(1b)
(i)Fetch: Each instruction is stored in memory and has its own address. The processor takes this address number from the program counter, which is responsible for tracking which instructions the CPU should execute next.

(ii)Decode: All programs to be executed are translated to into Assembly instructions. Assembly code must be decoded into binary instructions, which are understandable to your CPU. This step is called decoding.

(iii)Execute:While executing instructions the CPU can do one of three things: Do calculations with its ALU, move data from one memory location to another, or jump to a different address.

(iv)Store: The CPU must give feedback after executing an instruction, and the output data is written to the memory.

(1c)
(i)The operating system uses password protection to protect user data and similar other techniques.
(ii)Error detecting aids.
(iii)Coordination between other software and users.
(iv)Memory Management.

(1d)
An analog computer or analogue computer is a type of computer that uses the continuously changeable aspects of physical phenomena such as electrical, mechanical, or hydraulic quantities to model the problem being solved.
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(2a)
(i)On your computer, open Chrome.
At the top right, click More .
Click History. History. On the left, click Clear browsing data. From the drop-down menu, select how much history you want to delete. Check the boxes for the info you want Chrome to clear, including browsing history.” Click Clear data.

(2bi)
web address; this contains information about the location of the webpage. It is also known as the URL (uniform resource locator). Like the address for your home, a web address organizes information about a webpage’s location in a predictable way.

(2bii)
web page; is a specific collection of information provided by a website and displayed to a user in a web browser. A website typically consists of many web pages linked together in a coherent fashion.

(2biii)
Digital certificates; are electronic credentials that bind the identity of the certificate owner to a pair of electronic encryption keys, (one public and one private), that can be used to encrypt and sign information digitally. All the receiver would know is that a valid key pair was used.

(2biv)
Data encryption; translates data into another form, or code, so that only people with access to a secret key (formally called a decryption key) or password can read it. Encrypted data is commonly referred to as ciphertext, while unencrypted data is called plaintext
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(7ai)
In AutoCAD, a block is a collection of objects that are combined into a single named object. The following are some sample blocks at various scales. Some of these blocks are realistic representations of objects, some are symbols, and one of them is an architectural title block for a D-size drawing.

(7aii)
Another benefit of using blocks is that it provides consistency from drawing to drawing while reducing file size.

(7bi)
Hatch; is used to fill an area or selected objects with a hatch pattern or a fill. … Go to its Properties panel and choose the Hatch type that you would like to insert. Choose between Solid, Gradient, Pattern or User Defined.

(7bii)
Polygon; Click Polygon from the Rectangle drop-down list on the Draw panel of the Home tab, or type POL and press Enter.
AutoCAD starts the POLygon command and prompts you to enter the number of sides for the polygon.

(7ci)
Ctrl+A
Select all objects

Ctrl+X
Cut object

Ctrl+V
Paste object

Ctrl+Shift+C
Copy to clipboard with base point

Ctrl+Shift+V
Paste data as block

(7cii)
Ctrl+A
Select all objects

Ctrl+Z
Undo last action

Ctrl+Y
Redo last action

Ctrl+[
Cancel current command (or ctrl+\)

ESC Cancel current command

(7ciii)
During a command, you can access QuickCalc transparently in the following ways: Right-click to display the shortcut menu, and choose QuickCalc. At a prompt for a value or coordinates, enter ‘quickcalc or ‘qc.

(7civ)
To turn on Clean Screen, click the Clean Screen button at the right end of the status bar (it looks like a box) or press Ctrl + 0. Repeat the process to turn Clean Screen off. The actual command names are CLEANSCREENON and CLEANSCREENOFF
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(6ai)
Procedures in database; sometimes referred to as Stored Procedures or Procs are subroutines that can contain one or more SQL statements that perform a specific task. They can be used for data validation, access control, or to reduce network traffic between clients and the DBMS servers.

(6aii)
Data Access Language; is simply DAL, was a SQL-like language and application programming interface released by Apple Computer in 1990 to provide unified client/server access to data ba s e management systems.

(6aiii)
The query processor; of a dat ab ase system has the function of determining how to answer the requests for information from a user in the most optimal manner. The idea is that a query can be answered by a da ta ba se system in a variety of ways.

(6aiv)
Data Dictionary;this is a DBMS component which stores the definition of characteristic of data and relationshipss.

(6b)
(i)Scalar data types :  Used to store scalar values like numbers, decimals etc.
(ii)Composite data types :  It is combination of other datatypes usually scalar datatypes.
(iii)Reference data types :  Used to store the information about another datatype. It can be referred as pointers in C.
(iv)LOB data types :  Used to store large objects like images, videos etc

(6c)
(i)Centralised
(ii)Distributed
(iii)Personal
(iv)End-user
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(3ai)
Go to Design > Page Color.
Choose the color you want under Theme Colors or Standard Colors. If you don’t see the color you want, select More Colors, and then choose a color from the Colors box.

(3aii)
Select the first character of a paragraph. Go to INSERT > Drop Cap. Select the drop cap option you want. To create a drop cap that fits within your paragraph, select Dropped.

(3aiii)
On the Insert tab, click Cover Page.
Click a cover page layout from the gallery of options. After you insert a cover page, you can replace the sample text with your own text by clicking to select an area of the cover page, such as the title, and typing your text.

(3bi)
The data source; is a document, spreadsheet or database that contains personalized information such as names, addresses, and phone numbers. The Main Document can be a Form Letter, Labels, Email, or Directory.