NECO – DATA – PROCESSING – ANSWER
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DATA – OBJ
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1 a )
Data processing security is an appropriate technical and organizational measures to protect data against accidental or unlawful destruction or accidental loss or alteration , or unauthorized disclosure or access , or other unauthorized processing .

1 b )
i ) Blocking attacks from unauthorised users or hackers .
ii) Preventing malware infections and stopping viruses stealing data.
iii ) Prevents data loss through corruption of files or programming errors .

1 c )
i ) Hierarchical data model.
ii) Relational model.
iii ) Network model.
iv ) Object – oriented data model.

1 d )
Relational model- this is the most common model, the relational model sorts data into tables , also known as relations, each of which consists of columns and rows. Each column lists an attribute of the
entity in question , such as price, zip code, or birth date . Together, the attributes in a relation are called a domain . A particular attribute or
combination of attributes is chosen as a
primary key that can be referred to in other tables , when it ’s called a foreign key.
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5 a )
i ) Data modeling creates the structure your data will live in.
ii) It defines how things are labeled and organized
iii ) Can facilitate interaction among the designers , the application programmer and the end user
iv ) It promote data sharing

5 aii )
standard data model or industry standard data model ( ISDM) is a data model that is widely applied in some industry, and shared amongst competitors to some degree . In other words they are standards bodies, database vendors or operating system vendors . When in use, they enable easier and faster information sharing because heterogeneous organizations have a standard vocabulary and pre -negotiated semantics , format, and quality standards for exchanged data.

5 b )
i ) Corrective maintenance is done randomly while preventive is done frequently .
ii) Preventive maintenance will minize the need of corrective , while corrective will maximize the preventive actions.
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6 ai)
Napier ‘ s bones is a manually – operated calculating device created by John Napier of Merchiston for calculation of products and quotients of numbers .

6 aii )
The Jacquard machine is a device fitted to a power loom that simplifies the process of manufacturing textiles with such complex patterns as brocade , damask and matelassé . It was invented by Joseph Marie Jacquard in 1804.

6 aiii)
i ) Abacus
ii) Raymon Lull
iii ) Prior Analytics
iv ) Slide rule

6 bi)
– uses of spreadsheets package –
i ) create budgets
ii) To produce graphs and
charts
iii ) For storing data
iv ) For sorting data.

6 bii )
i ) It is used to display the name of the package

6 bii )
It is used to display certain status information depending upon the package or device .

6 biii)
It is used to identify each row in the worksheet .

6 biv )
It is used for opening files , interacting with an application , or displaying help documentation or manuals .
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4 ai)
mobile phone is a portable telephone that can make and receive calls over a radio frequency link while the user is moving within a telephone service area .

4 ii)
vending machine is a machine that dispenses small articles such as food , drinks , or cigarettes when a coin or token is inserted .

4 aiii)
A cash register is a mechanical or electronic device for registering and
calculating transactions at a point of sale .

4 aiv )
A fax machine is a device that is used to send documents electronically over a telephone network .

4 av )
Point of sale machine is an electronic
device used to process card payments at retail locations .
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