Chemistry OBJ:
1-10: DDCACEBCDC
11-20: EDCEAABCBA
21-30: EECACEDEAD
31-40: CBEAECCEDD
41-50: DDABEDBAEA
51-60: CECEBACEEA
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(2)
Electrolytes are the components that conducts electricity in molten form or in solution e.g Nacl solution, CuSO
Cu2+ SO42-
Electrolysis is the chemical decomposition of a substance brought about by a direct current passing through either a solutions of or a Molten form.

(2ii)
Elements that are electolytically reduced are sodium Na, Potassium, Calcium Ca.

(2b)
11R and 17S
(i) Na and Cl ==> Sodium Chloride Nacl
(ii) Covalent land

(2bii)
(i) Bleaching Agents
(ii) for making important chemicals such as Hcl

(2iv)
(i) 11R ==> Sodium has low I.E
(ii) Fe (iron) react with cold water to form Iron (iii) tetroxide with the release of hydrogen but slow of the iron not hot

(2ci)
Cold water on sodium, hydroxide forms at first rate but explode with hot water

(2cii)
When water is added to blue anhydrous copper (ii) chloride the colour changes from blue to pink

(3ai)
Gay Lussac’s Law of combining volumes states that if gasses react they do so in volume which bears a simple ratios and to the volume of the product. If gaseous provided that the temperature and pressure remains constant

(3aii)
V1 = 250cm3
T1 = 250c
T2 = ?
V2 = 2v1
= 25 + 273
= 2 x 250cm3
= 298k
= 500cm3

V1/T1 = V2/T2
250/298 = 500/T2
250 T2 = 500 x 298
T2 = 500 x 278/250
= 596k

(3bi)
Atomicity of an element is the total number of atoms present in one molecule of an element or a compound

(3bii)
– Monatomic has –> Helium, Neon
– Triatomic Gas –> Ozone O3

(3biii)
– it is used as antiseptic
– it is in bleaching delicate materials such as Silk, wool, pulp etc

(3iv)
– it is a colourless, odourless gas
– it is neutral to moist litmus paper

(3di)
Indicator is a substance that undergo a distinct observable when conditions in its solution change.
(3dii)
tabulate
Indicator : Phentphthalin
Color in base Medium :purple
Color in acid medium : colourless
(3diii)
Equation of preparation of Hydrogen
Na(l) + H20(g) —–> NaOH(aq) + H2(g)
Sodium is reacted with cold water to give hydrogen gas
Uses:
(i) It is used in making hydrogen bond
(ii) it is used in making HCL, HNO

(4ai)
– to get the reduction of impurities
– to avoid other constituents to stick to them

(4aii)
CuCO3(s) D–> CuO + CO2
1mole of CuCO3 produce 1 mole of CO2
0.081 mole would give 0.081 moles of CO2
No of mole = mass/molar mass
= 10/123.5
= 0.081 moles
CuCO3 ==> 123.5
No of mole of CO2 = Volume given/22.4
0.081 = volume/22.4
V = 22.4 x 0.081
= 1.8144dm3

(4bi)
TABULATE:
Endothermic | Exothermic
UNDER EDOTHERMIC
(1) heat is absorbed to the surroundings
(2) The Enthalpy change is posture (+ve)
UNDER EXOTHERMIC:
(1) Heat is evolved to the surroundings
(2) The enthalpy changes here is negative

(4bii)
(i) Sodium hydroxide pellets in water is Exothermic
(ii) Ammonium Chloride in water is Endothermic
(iii) Con H2SO4 acid is Exothermic

(4ci)
TABULATE:
Saturated Fatty Acids | Unsaturated Fatty Acids
UNDER SATURATED FATTY ACIDS:
– Their bonds to accepts any form of constituents are full
UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS:
– they still have more bond space so they are Unsaturated
(4cii)
Fatty acid are work acids because they dissociate partially in water and the Hydrogen or Hydroxonium ions are not concentrated
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