Economic-Obj
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(9a)
Fiscal policy refers to the use of government spending and tax policies to influence macroeconomic conditions, including aggregate demand, employment, inflation and economic growth.
(9b)
(i) Principle of Equality: According to the principle of equality, every person should pay to the Government according to his ability to pay, that is in proportion of the income or revenue he et jove onder the protection of the State.
(ii) Principle of Certainty: To quote Adam Smith, ‘The tax which each individual is bound to pay ought to be certain and not arbitrary.
The time of payment, the manner of payment, the quantity to be paid ought all to be clear and plain to the contributor and to every other person. A successful function of an economy requires that the people, especially business class.
(iii)Principle of Convenience:
According to the third canon of Adam Smith, the sum, time and/manner of payment of a tax should not only be certain but the time and manner of its payment should also be convenient to the contributor.
(iv) Principle of Economy: The Government has to spend money on collecting taxes levied by it- Since collection costs of taxes add nothing to the national product, they should be minimized as far as possible. If the collection costs of a tax are more than the total revenue yielded by it, it is not worthwhile to levy it.
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(2a)
Given that Qs = 20+40
Qa = 60-2P

Equilibrium price
At Ep, Qd = Qs
= 20+4p = 60 – 2p
= 4p+2p = 60 – 20
6p = 40
P = 40/6
= N6.666
ED = N7

Equilibrium Qty
Substitute Ep in either equation
= Qd = 60 – 2D
But Q = 7
= 60 – 2 ×7
= 60 – 14
EQ = 46units

(2b)
Draw in your graph
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(2c)
(i) Changes in taste of the consumer
(ii) Changes in price of the commodity
(iii) Changes in income of the consumer
(iv) CChanges in supply
(v) Introduction of new goods
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(6a)
Representative money is an item such as a token or piece of paper that has no intrinsic value but can be exchanged on demand for a commodity that does have intrinsic value, such as gold, silver, copper
(6b)
(i) Medium of Exchange:
The most important function of money is that it serves as a medium of exchange. In the barter economy a great difficulty was experienced in the exchange of goods as the exchange in the barter system required double coincidence of wants. Money has removed this difficulty.
(ii) Measure of Value: Money serves as a yardstick for measuring the value of goods and services. As the value of all goods and services is measured in a standard unit of money, their relative values can be easily compared.
(iii) Store of Value: Money being the most liquid of all assets is a convenient form in which to store wealth, that is, money can be held as an asset. Thus store of value function is also called asset function of money. It is, therefore, essential that the good chosen as money should be such as can be easily stored without deterioration or wastage
(iv) Standard of Deferred Payment: Deferred payments mean those payments which are to be made in the future. E.g If a loan is taken today, it would be paid back after a period of time. .
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(10a)
Mortgage bank is a bank that specializes in originating and/or servicing mortgage loan
(10b)
(i)Not making enough money. Despite all of the headlines about banking profitability, banks and financial institutions still are not making enough return on investment, or the return on equity, that shareholders require.
(ii)Consumer expectations. These days it’s all about the customer experience, and many banks are feeling pressure because they are not delivering the level of service that consumers are demanding, especially in regards to technology.
(iii)Increasing competition from financial technology companies. Financial technology (FinTech) companies are usually start-up companies based on using software to provide financial services.
(iv)Regulatory pressure. Regulatory requirements continue to increase, and banks need to spend a large part of their discretionary budget on being compliant, and on building systems and processes to keep up with the escalating requirements.
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(8a)
(i)Economic Freedom: The foremost advantage of this system is that everybody enjoys’ economic freedom as one can spend one’s income according to one’s wishes. Producers have complete freedom to invest in any business or trade.
(ii)Optimum Use of Resources: All natural resources are used to their optimum level as production is undertaken with a sole purpose: of earning profit and no scope for wastages at all.
(iii)New Inventions: In this type of economy, there is ample scope of new invention. To get more profit every producer takes initiative to develop new techniques in production.
(8aii)
(i)Price Mechanism: Capitalist economy is gained by price mechanism. Here prices are determined by the interaction of demand and supply without the interference of any kind by the government or any other external forces.
(ii)Profit Motive: The maximisation of profit is the main motive of the producer. Profit guides the production in this type of economy.
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(4a)
EFFICIENCY OF LABOUR : The working capacity of the labour is called his efficiency being given the same time limit and given the same type of work.
(4b)
(i)Poor Supply Of Electricity
For the average Nigerian youth that wants to venture into entrepreneurship, constant source of power supply is essential for most businesses.
(ii)Poor Standard Of Education: Gone are the days where Nigerian graduates could effectively compete with their counterparts from other parts of the world. Every year half-baked graduates are released into the labour market. Due to the poor standard of education, many end up unemployed.
(iii)Tribalism And Nepotism
Tribalism is a cankerworm that has eaten deep into the fabric of the Nigerian society. People are being employed based on where they come from or who they are, this is commonly known as having a ‘connection or long leg’ in Nigeria. In the long run, the more qualified people are not employed.
(iv)Lack Of Employable Skills
One of the major causes of unemployment in Nigeria is the low standard of education, many graduates do not think it essential to empower themselves with skills that would further enhance their chances of getting a job.
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(12)
(i)Goverment in developing economies should eradicate corruption and nepotism at all levels of government
(ii)Government should create programs that can enable youths to realise their potentials e.g IT innovation hubs.
(iii)Government should Encourage local contents and also provide opportunities for citizens that have studied specialized programs
(iv)Government should step in having minimum ıncome Inequality;
(v)Government Should have an educational system like Village Instıtutes in local areas