(4)
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Edited…use this

(3)
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(3ai)
Limestone is heated to generate CO2 for the reaction: CaCO3(aq) -> CaO(s) + CO2(g)

(3aii)
Ammonia is used to make brine
NH3(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) -> NH4HCO3(aq)
NH4HCO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) -> NaHCO3(s) + NH4Cl(aq)

(3bi)
zymase
C6H12O6(aq) ——> 2C2H5OH(aq) + 2CO2(g)

(3bii)
On fermenting, the CO2 released, mounts pressure in the bottle and it scatters

(3ci)
Cu, Fe, Na, K
————->
Increasing reactivity

(3cii)
Sodium(N)

(3ciii)
Cu and Fe

(3di)
A redox reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction, both occuring at the same time

(3dii)
I – Redox
II – not Redox
III- not redox
IV – not Redox
v – Redox
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(5)
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(5ai)
DRAW THE DIAGRAM
(5aii)
(i)It is used in the sterilization of water for domestic and industrial use and in the treatment of sewage
(ii)It is used as a bleaching agent for cotton linen and wood-pulp
(5b)
Preparation of hydrogen from water gas:
This is called Bosch process: In this process large quantities of hydrogen are produced from cheap raw materials namely water and coke when steam is passed over red hot coke (carbon) at about 1200C, a mixture of carbon(II) oxide and hydrogen ion and water gas is produced .Excess steam is then mixed with the water gas and passed over a catalyst iron(III)oxide at 450C.As a result the carbon(II)oxide in the water gas is converted by CO2 with a further yield of hydrogen
Endothermic reaction
H2O(g) + C(s)—> CO(g)
(5ci)
The chief ore of aluminium is bauxite
(5cii)
The ore of aluminium is purified by electrolysis to remove the impurities present
(5ciii)
Carbon or platinum electrodes
(5civ)
Cryolite is added to remove the impurities present
(5d)
Coal, coal tar, ammoniacal liquor
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(2)
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(2ai)
C10H22—–>(cracking)—->C6H14 + C4H8
P is C4H8

(2aii)
H H H H
| | | |
H-C=C-C-C-H
| |
H H

H CH3 H
| | |
H-C= C- C-H
|
H

(2aiii)
P would be polymerized because it contain double bond

(2b)
Hundi’s rule:Electrons occupy each orbital singly first before pairing takes place in a degenerated orbital
Aufbau’s principle:Electrons enter into orbitals in order of increasing energy

(2ci)
– NaH —> ionic
– H2 –> Covalent
– H2S –> Covalent
– NH4Cl — Vander waals

(2cii)
– NaH —> soluble (dissolve)
– H2 –> Insoluble
– H2S –> Moderately soluble
– NH4Cl — soluble

(2ciii)
– H2S(g) + H2O(l) —> H3O^+(aq) + HS(aq)
– HS(aq) + H2O(l) —> H3O^+(aq) + S^2-(aq)

(2d)
(i)Number of unpaired electrons=zero
(ii)J would be a good reducing agent
(iii)It is found in group 2.It is a metal.Metals are good reducing agent
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