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(2a)
Balance of trade = Total visible
Export – total visible = Import
Visible Exports = $m
Agriculture = 200
Minefal produce –
Capital goods –
Total $500

Visible Import: – $m
Agriculture –
Mineral produces –
Consumer goods 250
Capital goods 400
Total $650

Therefore Balance of trade = $500 – $650
Balance of trade = $150
It is unfavourable Balance of Trade because total visible export is less than the total visible import

(2b)
Invisible Trade Balance = Total Invisible Export – total
Visible Import –
Invisible Export – $m
Insurance – 25
Banking – 30
Transportation – 25
Total $80

Invisible Import – $m
Insurance – 50
Banking – 75
Transportation – 85
Total = $210
Therefore invisible Trade balance = $80 – $ 210
= -$130
i.e – $130
it is an unfavourable invisible trade balance total invisible import is more than total invisible export

(2c)
Balance of current Balance = value of total Export – Value of total Import
Total Export – $m
Agriculture – 200
Mineral produce – 300
Consumers goods –
Capital goods –
Insurance – 25
Banking – 30
Transportation – 25
Total = $580

Total Imports: – $m
Agriculture –
Mineral produce –
Consumer goods 250
Capital goods – 400
Insurance – 50
Banking – 75
Transport – 85
Total = $860
Therefore 580 – 860 = $280
It is a deficit current Account balance
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SECTION B ANSWERS ONLY THREE (3) BIKO.

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(8a)
Public debt refers to the debt of a country owes to its citizens or other countries or organization such as International Monetary Fund(IMF) and World Bank
(8b)
(i)To finance budget deficit.
(ii) To provide employment opportunity
(iii) To reduce economic burden on tax payers
(8c)
(i)A large domestic debt will limit influence the distribution of the income of the people.
(ii)it can reduce the availability of foreign exchange in the form of depleted foreign resistor.
(iii)A large external debit can make a country to be suspectable to the force
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(3a)
Distribution of goods is a process of making a product being produced or service available for a consumer or business user who needs it. This can be done directly by the producer or service perovider or using indirect channels with distributors or intermediaries.
(3b)
Consumers’ cooperative society is a society owned and operated by a grouo of ultimate consumers who pull teir resources together to purchase goods and services in large quantities and distribute them mainly to its members.
(3c)
(i) To meet the need of consumers in quality goods and services at an affordable price
(ii) To produce goods, to provide households and production services including credit and issuance.
(iii) To provide services to its members
(iv) To raise the standard of living in a particular area or country
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(5a)
joint venture is a business entity created by two or more parties, generally characterized by shared ownership, shared returns and risks, and shared governance.
(5b)
(i)Limited Liability
(ii)Restricted Trade of Shares
(iii)Separate Personality
(5c)
(i)private foreign finance (external borrowing)
(ii)local private finance from banks
(iii)direct government finance, in the form of equity, credit, or subsidy capital
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(7ai)
Growing population is the increase in a population that occurs when the birth rate is higher than the death rate, or when immigration exceeds emigration, or when a combination of these factors is present. While declining population is a reduction in a human population caused by events such as long-term demographic trends, as in sub-replacement fertility, urban decay, white flight, or rural flight, or due to violence, disease, or other catastrophes.
(7aii)
Overpopulation refers to a population which exceeds its sustainable size within a particular environment or habitat while under population is a situation in which there are too few people to realize the economic potential of an area or support its population’s standard of living.

Edited use this (7b)
This one is explained.
(7b)
(i)Pressure of Population on Land: Over the last four decades from 1971 to 2001, the population of India has increased from 108.9 million in 1971 to 180.6 million in 2001. Correspondingly, the labour force engaged in agriculture has increased.
2. Low Per Capita Income: the average growth rate of population has been 2.2 per cent per annum. With the result that per capita net national product has been 1.9 per cent over this period.
(iii)Low Per Capital Availability 9f essential articles: With population growing at an annual average rate of 2.2 per cent, the per capita net availability of certain essential articles of consumption has been very low. The per capita net availability was 33.2 gms of pulses and 159.7 gms of food grains per day.; edible oil 7.5 kg., vanaspati 1.0 kg., sugar 14.5 kg. and cloth 30.9 metres per year in 1998.
(iv)Burden of Unproductive Consumers: The number of unproductive consumers is increasing in India. Unproductive consumers are those who are not employed but they do consume. They include children below the age of 15 years and old persons who are above the age of 60 years.
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