VISUAL ART
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COMPLETED

(1a)
Shading in art refers to the use of different tones and values of color to create the illusion of depth and dimension on a two-dimensional surface. By varying the amount of light and shadow in an artwork, shading helps to create the impression that the objects depicted have form and texture.

(1b)
[PICK ANY TWO]
(i) Cross-hatching
(ii) Blending
(iii) Stippling
(iv) Chiaroscuro

(1c)
(i) Creating the illusion of depth: by using perspective techniques, artists can create the impression that objects within an artwork have depth and occupy space.

(ii) Enhancing realism: the use of perspective techniques can help to make an artwork look more realistic and lifelike.

(iii) Creating a sense of scale: perspective techniques can be used to create a sense of proportion and scale within an artwork.

(iv) Adding drama and impact: by using extreme or unusual perspectives, artists can create a sense of drama and impact within an artwork.

(v) Guiding the viewer’s eye: perspective techniques can be used to direct the viewer’s focus and attention to certain parts of an artwork, helping to convey the artist’s message or intent.

(8a)
Byzantine art refers to the art produced in the Eastern Roman or Byzantine Empire, which lasted for more than a thousand years from the 4th century to the fall of Constantinople in 1453. It is characterized by its complexity, abstract forms, and use of gold and vibrant. Byzantine art covers a wide range of media, including mosaics, icons, frescoes, and metalwork.

(8b)
(i)Mosaic Decoration of the Bahia Sophia in Istanbul,Turkey.

(8c)
(i)Use of light and color: Impressionist artists used bright, vivid colors and explored the effects of light on different surfaces. They often painted en plein air, or outdoors, to capture the changes in light and atmosphere throughout the day.

(ii)Loose brushwork and visible texture: Impressionist paintings are often characterized by quick, loose brushstrokes that create a sense of movement and spontaneity. The texture of the paint is often left visible, giving the painting a tactile quality.

(iii)Subject matter: Impressionist artists tended to focus on everyday scenes and activities, such as landscapes, portraits, and leisure activities. They sought to capture the fleeting moments and sensations of modern life, rather than idealized or historical scenes.

(4a)
Odumasi-Krobo, Ghana

(4b)
Training at Achimota College, He taught at the Winneba Teacher Training College (1961–1969) and was Head of Fine Art, College of Art (KNUST), Kumasi (1969–1974).

(4c)
Drawings and teaching aids for Nature Study classes.

(4d)
Awakening Africa (1959–1960)

(4e)
(i)He contributed through the drew inspiration from his days at Achimota College (c. 1945–1951),
(ii)He also contributed in the script Blackman’s Stoicism (1964).
(iii)He also highlighted Pan-Africanism
(iv)He decolonization process that was spreading across Africa.
(v)He also contributed to produced a film on bronze casting to the artwork.

(3a)
Nationality
Kolade Osinowo was a Nigerian artist, born and raised in Lagos, Nigeria. Throughout his career, he remained highly engaged with the cultural and artistic traditions of Nigeria and Africa as a whole.

(3b)
Training
Kolade Osinowo received his training in fine arts from several institutions, including the Yaba College of Technology in Lagos, the Central School of Art and Design in London, and the School of Visual Arts at the University of Lagos. Through his training, he developed a remarkable depth of knowledge and skill in a range of artistic mediums.

(3c)
Kolade Osinowo was known for his mastery of a wide range of artistic mediums, including painting, drawing, print-making, sculpture, and mixed media. He was particularly interested in exploring themes of social justice, economic disparity, and the complexities of Nigerian identity in his artwork.

(3d)
(i)”Faces of Poverty”: This painting depicts a group of people, including a young child, huddled together in poverty and despair. The painting is a powerful commentary on the stark economic disparities that exist in Nigerian society, and it challenges viewers to confront the systemic forces that perpetuate poverty and inequality.

(ii)”African Mask”: This sculpture is a striking interpretation of the traditional African mask, which Osinowo transformed into a modern work of art. The sculpture is marked by an incredible attention to detail, and it serves as a testament to Osinowo’s mastery of sculptural techniques.

(3e)
(i) He helped to found the Art Renaissance Foundation, an organization that works to promote innovative and socially conscious forms of art throughout Africa.

(ii)He served as a mentor and inspiration to many young artists, and he played a critical role in shaping the direction of contemporary art in Nigeria.

(iii)He regularly exhibited his work in Nigeria and internationally, thereby raising the profile of African art on the global stage.

(iv) He was a vocal advocate for free expression and artistic emancipation in Nigeria, and he played an important role in the struggle for artistic freedom during a time when censorship and repression were common.

(2a)
[PICK ANY FIVE]
(i) Tiles
(ii) Adhesive
(iii) Grout
(iv) Mosaic mesh
(v) Glass beads
(vi) Smalti
(vii) Tile cutter or nippers
(viii) ceramic or porcelain tile

(2b)
(i) Step 1 -Design and Planning
(ii) Step 2- Cutting the Tiles
(iii) Step 3 – Preparing the Surface
(iv) Step 4 – Applying the Tiles
(v) Step 5 – Grouting and Finishing