History-Obj
01-10: BBDCABABCC
11-20: BDABCCBBCC
21-30: ADBDCABDCD
31-40: CBBDCBAADB
41-50: CCCBACCDBA

Answer Four (4) Question In All. One From Each Section And any jara to make it four (4)
SECTION-A
(1a)
(i)Folktales
(ii)Proverbs
(iii)Oral Histories

(1b)
(i)Preservation of Cultural Heritage: Oral tradition helps preserve Nigeria’s rich cultural heritage, including stories, legends, and historical events that have been passed down through generations.
(ii)Supplementing Written Records: Oral tradition fills in the gaps where written records are scarce or absent, providing valuable insights into Nigeria’s past, especially during the pre-colonial and colonial periods.
(iii)Providing Local Perspectives: Oral tradition offers local perspectives on historical events, allowing historians to understand the experiences and viewpoints of ordinary people, rather than just relying on colonial or external accounts.
(iv)Enhancing Historical Understanding: Oral tradition enriches our understanding of Nigerian history by providing context, nuance, and depth to historical events, and helping to reconstruct the past in a more comprehensive and accurate way.

(2a)
(i) Skinning knives
(ii) Scrapers
(iii) Tanning vats

(2b)
(i) Skinning: The animal’s skin was removed carefully using sharp knives.
(ii) Fleshing and scraping: The flesh, fat, and unwanted tissues were scraped off the skin using sharp tools.
(iii) Tanning: The skin was soaked in tanning solutions made from tree bark, leaves, or animal fats to make it durable and flexible.
(iv) Graining and dying: The tanned leather was grained to smooth its surface and dyed using natural pigments for color.

(3a)
(i) Leather goods
(ii) Textiles
(iii) Salt

(3b)
(i) Economic growth:The trade brought immense wealth to the Hausa states, as they served as intermediaries between North African and West African traders.
(ii) Urbanization:The growth of trade led to the establishment and expansion of urban centers in Hausaland, such as Kano, Katsina, and Zaria.
(iii) Political centralization: The wealth and influence gained from trade contributed to the rise of powerful Hausa kingdoms and the centralization of political authority.
(iv) Spread of Islam: Muslim traders from North Africa played a significant role in the spread of Islam throughout Hausaland, leading to the conversion of many Hausa rulers and their subjects.

SECTION-B
(4)
(i)Evangelical movements: Evangelical movements in the United Kingdom, Europe and the New World inspired men and women with missionary fervor to found religious societies whose members would go out to Africa and other lands.
(ii)Establishment of Christian churches: The establishment of Christian churches in Nigeria, such as the Church Missionary Society (CMS), Methodists, and Roman Catholics, provided a foundation for missionary activities.
(iii)Translation of the Bible: The translation of the Bible into local languages, such as Yoruba, facilitated the spread of Christianity and allowed missionaries to reach a wider audience.
(iv)Introduction of Western education: Christian missionaries introduced Western education, which attracted many Nigerians and provided a platform for missionary activities.
(v)Health services: Christian missionaries established medical centers and hospitals, providing much-needed health services and gaining the trust of local communities, which facilitated their missionary activities.

(5a)
(i) Basorun Ogunmola (Ogunmola of Ibadan)
(ii) Kurunmi (Kurunmi of Ijaiye)
(iii) Ogedengbe (Ogedengbe of Ilesha)

(5b)
(i) Disruption of trade and commerce: The wars disrupted trade routes and commercial activities, leading to economic decline and scarcity of goods.
(ii) Population displacement and refugee crisis: The conflicts led to massive displacement of people, creating refugee crises and social instability.
(iii) Destruction of infrastructure and agricultural land: The wars resulted in the destruction of cities, towns, and agricultural land, leading to food insecurity and poverty.
(iv) Weakening of traditional institutions: The Yoruba Civil Wars weakened traditional institutions, such as the Ogboni and Oyo Empire, paving the way for British colonization and the imposition of foreign systems of governance.

(6)
(i) Control of trade: Lagos was a major trading port on the West African coast, and the British wanted to control the lucrative trade in palm oil, cotton, and other commodities.
(ii) Suppression of the slave trade: The British were committed to abolishing the slave trade, and Lagos was a major hub for the trans-Atlantic slave trade.
(iii) Strategic location: Lagos was located at the entrance to the Gulf of Guinea, making it a strategically important naval base for the British.
(iv) Expansion of British influence: The annexation of Lagos was part of a larger British strategy to expand their influence and control over West Africa.
(v) Protection of British missionaries and traders: British missionaries and traders had been active in Lagos for several years, and the British government felt a need to protect their interests.

SECTION-C
(7)
(i)Economic Boom: The war created a demand for Nigerian exports, such as peanuts, palm oil, and tin, leading to an economic boom. This increased economic activity and revenue for the country.
(ii)Infrastructure Developent: The war necessitated the construction of roads, bridges, and airfields, which improved Nigeria’s infrastructure and facilitated transportation and communication.
(iii)Increased Urbanization: The war led to increased urbanization as people moved from rural areas to cities for work or to escape the war. This led to the growth of cities like Lagos and Kano.
(iv)Expansion of Education and Healthcare: The war led to an expansion of education and healthcare services, as the British government invested in these areas to support the war effort and improve the lives of Nigerians.
(v)Nationalist Movement: The war fueled the growth of the nationalist movement in Nigeria, as Nigerians began to demand greater political and economic autonomy from Britain. This led to increased political activism and eventually, Nigeria’s independence in 1960.

(8a)
(i) Northern Protectorate
(ii) Southern Protectorate
(iii) Lagos Colony

(8b)
(i) Unified Administration: Amalgamation led to a single, unified administration, which promoted consistency and efficiency in governance.
(ii) Economic Growth: The amalgamation facilitated economic growth by creating a larger market, promoting trade, and attracting foreign investment.
(iii) Improved Infrastructure: The British colonial administration invested in infrastructure development, such as roads, railways, and telecommunications, which benefited the entire country.
(iv) National Identity: The amalgamation laid the foundation for a Nigerian national identity, fostering a sense of unity and shared citizenship among people from diverse ethnic and cultural backgrounds.

(9)
(i) Lack of Legitimacy: The ING was widely perceived as lacking legitimacy because it was seen as a creation of the military, following the annulment of the June 12, 1993, presidential election, which was widely believed to have been won by Moshood Abiola. This led to widespread public and political opposition.
(ii) Economic Challenges: The Nigerian economy was in a poor state, with high inflation, unemployment, and a significant budget deficit. The ING struggled to implement effective economic policies to stabilize the economy, facing resistance from various sectors.
(iii) Civil Unrest and Strikes: There were numerous strikes and protests by various labor unions and civil society groups, demanding the restoration of democracy and the recognition of the June 12 election results. This civil unrest further destabilized the government.
(iv) Political Instability: The political environment was highly unstable, with various factions within the military and political elite maneuvering for power. This instability made it difficult for the ING to govern effectively and implement its policies.
(v) Short Tenure: The ING had a very short tenure of just about three months before it was overthrown by General Sani Abacha on November 17, 1993. This limited time frame did not allow for significant policy implementation or any substantial progress on the numerous challenges facing Nigeria.